TENSES

I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:

Subject + Verb 1 + …. They /   We I   /   You

Subject + Verb s-es + …. He  /   She It

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.

Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.

b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
 Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.

c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

1. Every morning/day/week/month/year
2. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
3. Adverb of frequency: always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA :

Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing

FUNGSI;

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.

Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.

1. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.

Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh:     * Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:

Subject + Have + Verb 3 + …. Has

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.

Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :

Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing Has

FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense
POLA:

Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:
-          Last ….                         -       …ago                                -       This afternoon
-          Just now            -       This morning                     -       Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense
POLA:

Subject + was + Verb- ing were

FUNGSI:

1. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.

Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.

1. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .

Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

7.  Past Perfect tense
POLA:

Subject + Had + Verb 3

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.

8. Future Tense
POLA:

Subject + shall + Verb 1 + … will

FUNGSI:

1. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.

Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.

1. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.

Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.